People consistently make the same simple mistakes when acting on these calculations. Knowing how impatient people are to see results, I’ve factored the error and metabolic adaptation into the macro calculations. These things happen for some people more than others and this is not something a calculator can predict for.įor these two reasons, I don’t recommend using a calculator when transitioning between bulking and cutting. Your metabolism will gradually adapt to fight a caloric deficit, and energy needs increase when we gain weight. Why later? Because energy needs change over time as we diet and bulk. (Additionally, your meal prep may be inaccurate also.) You might be on either side of this average, so consider them a start point from which to adjust. During the off-season the diet should be slightly hyperenergetic (approximately 15% increase in energy intake) and during the pre-contest phase the diet should be hypoenergetic (approximately 15% decrease in energy intake).Why sooner? Because the calculations are based on equations derived from group averages. In summary, the composition of diets for body builders should be 55-60% carbohydrate, 25-30% protein and 15-20% of fat, for both the off-season and pre-contest phases. The optimal rate of carbohydrate ingested immediately after a training session should be 1.2 g/kg/hour at 30-minute intervals for 4 hours and the carbohydrate should be of high glycaemic index. Consumption of protein/amino acids and carbohydrate immediately before and after training sessions may augment protein synthesis, muscle glycogen resynthesis and reduce protein degradation. Thus, we suggest dietary fats comprise 15-20% of the body builders' off-season and pre-contest diets. Excess dietary saturated fat can exacerbate coronary artery disease however, low-fat diets result in a reduction in circulating testosterone. In both the off-season and pre-contest phases, adequate dietary carbohydrate should be ingested (55-60% of total energy intake) so that training intensity can be maintained. The higher protein intake will also provide a relatively large thermic effect that may aid in reducing body fat. There is evidence that a relatively high protein intake (approximately 30% of energy intake) will reduce lean mass loss relative to a lower protein intake (approximately 15% of energy intake) during energy restriction. Furthermore, during the pre-contest phase, protein intake must be adequate to maintain muscle mass. ![]() During the pre-contest phase, the bodybuilder should be in negative energy balance so that body fat can be oxidised. For 6-12 weeks prior to competition, body builders attempt to retain muscle mass and reduce body fat to very low levels. ![]() Additionally, during the off-season, adequate protein must be available to provide amino acids for protein synthesis. During the off-season, it is advantageous for the bodybuilder to be in positive energy balance so that extra energy is available for muscle anabolism. Body builders attempt to increase muscle mass during the off-season (no competitive events), which may be the great majority of the year. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the literature and provide recommendations regarding macronutrient intake during both 'off-season' and 'pre-contest' phases. In this respect, increased muscle size and definition are critical elements of success. ![]() Participants in the sport of bodybuilding are judged by appearance rather than performance.
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